Development and democracy<\/strong><\/p>\n An overview<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n By: Goran Hyden<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n \u0623.\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0649\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n \u0623.\u062f. \u0646\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n \u062f. \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n \u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/p>\n 2017<\/p>\n \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641:<\/p>\n \u062c\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644:<\/p>\n \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 _\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a_ \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0634\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u061f \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0647\u061f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 Structure” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a Agency” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 Elite” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 Mass” \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u064440 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629: (1) \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629? (2) \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629? (3) \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629American Political Science Review 1959) \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a ( Political Man 1960). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a \u201c\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 ” \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645, \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c (\u0627\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a).<\/p>\n \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 Jackman (1973)\u060c\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 Bollen<\/p>\n (1979 and 1983 \u00a0\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c Brunk, Caldeira, and Lewis-Beck\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u0643. \u00a0“\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f” \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c “\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633” \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a_\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 17 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629”Well-to-do” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 idiosyncratic \u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0649.<\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 ” \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639, \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 _\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645_ \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 _\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a_ \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 _\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629_ \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 Rueschemeyer, \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648 Stephens and Stephens \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627).<\/p>\n \u062c) \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649, \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a Inglehart \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0627 Fukuyama \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 63 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0649 WVS Database (World Values Survey) \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646: (1) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f, (2) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629, (3) \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a (4) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00a0– \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649, \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a, \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 “\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\/ \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a, \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 “\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\/ \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644\u062a.<\/p>\n \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Freedom House Index of Civil Liberties and Political Rights.\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649, \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062aFHI \u00a0\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0649\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649, \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0631\u062a \u00a0Lijphart \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “consociationalism \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1) \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 (2) \u0644\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c who is an \u2018insider\u2019 and who is an \u2018outsider\u2019.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\/ \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f, _ \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0649 Sartori _ \u0647\u064a “\u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0640\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0649 \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646 Barkan \u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0649, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643, \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0649, \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629) \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639”.<\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064acivic deficit\/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629”. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a” \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a, \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644, \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 _\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645_ \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u00a0\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645stability\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e\u201d \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u00a0“..contextual variables “\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 12 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u2013 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c<\/p>\n http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=653<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=657<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=694<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=660<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 5- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=664<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 6- \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0649<\/p>\n http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=667<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 7- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u0629<\/p>\n http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=671<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 8- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=675<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 9- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=678<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 10- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u2013 Routldege Handbook of Democratizaion<\/p>\n http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=681<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 11- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/p>\n\n
\n
![](\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/ha3V0O79XCdr3D0wnFDVDQ4otaq_j5ze7GF7Pqj2qnhchGKf-jdUD0p2filTNIewJtuUy6a7dbkueCtLg4-cS0UCM7gG1VxsvyxisYE2cEyrIosmITAbhRCmCMiTk3Iok83aW508lk7a97dXGg\")
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n