{"id":678,"date":"2019-09-23T23:08:31","date_gmt":"2019-09-23T21:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=678"},"modified":"2019-09-24T01:42:11","modified_gmt":"2019-09-23T23:42:11","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=678","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 -\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 -\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Adam Przezworski, &#8220;Democracy and Economic development&#8221;, In: Edward D. Mansfield and Richard Sisson (eds.), Political Science and the Public Interest (Columbus: Ohio State University Press), A revised Version, available at: <a href=\"http:\/\/politics.as.nyu.edu\/docs\/IO\/2800\/sisson.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/politics.as.nyu.edu\/docs\/IO\/2800\/sisson.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627 Seymour M. 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 Przezworski \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641- \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 (\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f). \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647) \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>12 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u2013 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=653\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=653<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=657\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=657<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=694\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=694<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>4- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=660\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=660<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>5- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=664\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=664<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>6- \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0649<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=667\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=667<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>7- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u0629<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=671\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=671<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>8- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=675\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=675<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>9- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=678\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=678<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>10- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u2013 Routldege Handbook of Democratizaion<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=681\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=681<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>11- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=686\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=686<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>12- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0633<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=689\">http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=689<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 -\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f Adam Przezworski, &#8220;Democracy and Economic development&#8221;, In: Edward D. Mansfield and Richard Sisson (eds.), Political Science and the Public Interest (Columbus: Ohio State University Press), A revised Version, available at: http:\/\/politics.as.nyu.edu\/docs\/IO\/2800\/sisson.pdf &nbsp; \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":679,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[344,33],"tags":[324,339],"class_list":["post-678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-344","category-33","tag-324","tag-339"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=678"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/678\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}