{"id":365,"date":"2019-09-17T22:52:29","date_gmt":"2019-09-17T20:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=365"},"modified":"2019-09-20T02:31:10","modified_gmt":"2019-09-20T00:31:10","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=365","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 &#8211;\u00a0\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Part II. The Origins of Social Protest: Ideology, Regimes, and Oppositions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The Politics of Social Protest<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>Comparative Perspectives on States and Social Movements<br \/>\n<strong>J.Craig Jenkins and<br \/>\nBert Klandermans, editors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_366\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-366\" style=\"width: 618px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-366\" 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https:\/\/arabprf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629-\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0639\u0631\u0628-\u0628\u0631\u0641-ARAB-PRF-01-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arabprf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629-\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0639\u0631\u0628-\u0628\u0631\u0641-ARAB-PRF-01.jpg 1654w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-366\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: <\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<strong>: &#8220;\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631<\/strong>&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: &#8220;<strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<strong> \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644Conventional Politics \u00a0\u0648 \u0627\u0644Movement Politics. <strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: <\/strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644Free-Rider \u00a0\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u00a0 Oslon \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648 \u0631\u062c\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644Free- Ride \u00a0\u0647\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>(Theories of Political Process)<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c\u00a0 \u0627\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627:<\/strong> \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627:<\/strong> \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627:<\/strong> \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648 <strong>\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627: <\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 ( \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> <u>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 <\/u><\/strong><strong>:<u>(Classic Elitism and State-centered Theory)<\/u><\/strong><u> <\/u><u>\u00a0\u00a0<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u00a0 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u00a0 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u00a0 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u00a0 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00a0 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646\u00a0 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8221; \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629&#8221; ((State Capacity \u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c ( \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8211; (Inward \u0648 (\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629- Outward)\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>&#8211; <\/u><\/strong><u><\/u><strong><u>Domestic Capacities<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 3 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/u><\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627<\/u><\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 Michael Mann &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062fDespotic Control &#8211; &#8221; \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: <\/u><\/strong><u>\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649<\/u> <u>\u00a0<strong>&#8220;<\/strong><\/u> <strong><u>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>Infrastructural Capacity \u2013 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><u>\u201c<\/u><strong><u> \u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/u><\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .<u>\u201cExtractive Capacity &#8211; <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u00a0 &#8220;\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629&#8221;\u00a0 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0634\u062f\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u00a0 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u00a0\u00a0 \u0625\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0649 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\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u00a0 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>International Capacities- <\/u><\/strong><u><\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u062d\u0633\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1w2mh0sd9OHVpDc7k6gZw49zrJ6IeBwXm\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 &#8211;\u00a0\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 Part II. The Origins of Social Protest: Ideology, Regimes, and Oppositions &nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: The Politics of Social Protest Comparative Perspectives on States and Social Movements J.Craig Jenkins and Bert Klandermans, editors \u00a0 &nbsp; \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":367,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[173,172,89],"class_list":["post-365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-16","tag-173","tag-172","tag-89"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=365"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=365"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}