{"id":2291,"date":"2019-12-14T03:38:37","date_gmt":"2019-12-14T01:38:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2291"},"modified":"2019-12-14T03:38:37","modified_gmt":"2019-12-14T01:38:37","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ab%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2291","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 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\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648 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\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This study focuses on identifying the importance and role of investment in human resources competencies in achieving strategic competitive advantages of the modern company, in light of the increasing role of knowledge society and its impact on the organizational environment and the business climate. The globalization in the field of knowledge and communication introduced many variables and new concepts in the sector of the economy and commercial and financial transactions. The electronic market; the network marketing, and the modern digitals have become the modern tools of commercial market, and this forces the companies to update their organizational structure and the competencies of their human resources through a clear strategy in order to manage and develop the competencies.<\/p>\n<p>Such radical changes require competencies with a high level and solid training, also with the knowledge of various computing systems and the most developed technologies, and that puts the companies before a big challenge which is the need to build competitive abilities based in the first place on these human resources.<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9sume\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cette \u00e9tude base au premier lieu, sur l\u2019identification du r\u00f4le de l&#8217;investissement dans les\u00a0comp\u00e9tences des\u00a0 ressources humaines, et son importance dans la r\u00e9alisation des avantages concurrentiels strat\u00e9giques pour L\u2019institution moderne, \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re du r\u00f4le croissant de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de connaissance et ses r\u00e9percussions sur l&#8217;environnement organisationnel et le climat des affaires. la mondialisation dans le domaine du savoir et la communication, a introduit de nombreux changements et de nouveaux concepts dans le\u00a0champ notionnel et organisationnel, la pens\u00e9e administrative, le secteur de l&#8217;\u00e9conomie, les transactions commerciales et financi\u00e8res, car le march\u00e9 \u00e9lectronique et les r\u00e9seaux marketings et num\u00e9riques modernes, est devenu les nouveaux voies de gestion et de march\u00e9 commercial, ce qui oblige-pour faire face \u00e0 cette modernit\u00e9- les institutions \u00e0 mettre \u00e0 jour sa structure organisationnelle et les comp\u00e9tences de ses ressources humaines, \u00e0 travers une strat\u00e9gie claire visant \u00e0 bien g\u00e9rer et d\u00e9velopper les comp\u00e9tences et les connaissances de ces ressources humaines.<\/p>\n<p>Ces changements radicaux exigent des comp\u00e9tences ayant un haut niveau et des formations solides, ayant aussi une connaissance des diff\u00e9rents syst\u00e8mes d&#8217;information et les technologies plus d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es, et cela qui mettent les \u00e9tablissements devant un grand d\u00e9fi, celui de configurer et construire des comp\u00e9tences concurrentielles se basant exclusivement sur ces ressources humaines .<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 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\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f 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dir=\"LTR\">U.<strong>S.A<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629\u00a0<strong><span dir=\"LTR\">1994<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621:\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">National<\/span><span dir=\"LTR\">Skills Standards Board<\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u00a0<strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a 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Toffler\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>:&#8221; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<strong>\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>&#8220;&#8230; \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631\u00a0<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">Peter Drucker<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0627 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\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">Management\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">competencies<\/span><\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><strong>2-1-\u00a0 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">competencies<\/span><\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">$1<strong>1-\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0641\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629\u00a0<strong><span dir=\"LTR\">ISO 9000,2000<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u064a:&#8221; \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/strong>.&#8221;<sup>13<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0<strong><span dir=\"LTR\">Medef<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627:&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644(<span dir=\"LTR\">validite<\/span>) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.&#8221;<sup>14<\/sup><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a 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dir=\"LTR\">=<\/span><\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">+<\/span><\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">+<\/span><\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><strong>2-2- \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">\u00a0Management\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">competencies<\/span><\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647:&#8221; \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 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src=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/images\/banners\/ASTimages\/dafatirimages\/DAFN14\/D142001.png\" alt=\"D142001\" width=\"436\" height=\"359\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0641\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 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dir=\"LTR\">05<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 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dir=\"LTR\">2<\/span><\/strong><strong>&#8211; \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u060c\u00a0<\/strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f\u062d\u062f\u062f\u00a0<strong><span dir=\"LTR\">T.Durand<\/span><\/strong>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">$1<strong>\u0623\u200c-<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">Savoir ou connaissance<\/span><\/strong><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 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dir=\"LTR\">L\u2019approche strategique<\/span><\/strong><strong>):\u00a0<\/strong>\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 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(\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">Le savoir-faire<\/span>) \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641(<span dir=\"LTR\">Savoir-etre<\/span>) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (<span dir=\"LTR\">Le pouvoir d\u2019agir<\/span>) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (<span dir=\"LTR\">Vouloir d\u2019agir<\/span>) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632<sup>29<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 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dir=\"RTL\">$1<strong>2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">$1<strong>\u0623\u200c-<\/strong>\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d 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dir=\"LTR\">\u00a0<strong>\u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est la competence qui fait la difference\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 (<span dir=\"LTR\">Referentiel<\/span>) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a.<sup>33<\/sup><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0<strong>\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/images\/banners\/ASTimages\/dafatirimages\/DAFN14\/D142004.PNG\" alt=\"D142004\" width=\"297\" height=\"319\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><strong>6-\u00a0 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0636 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639&#8230; \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627.<sup>34<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u00a0<strong>\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<sup>35<\/sup><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631(<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">Porter<\/span><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629(<span dir=\"LTR\">Competitive Advantages<\/span>): &#8221; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (<span dir=\"LTR\">Core Competencies<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627.&#8221;\u00a0<sup>36<\/sup><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0639\u0644\u0649:<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">value<\/span><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">Rareness<\/span><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648<strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f (<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">Imitability<\/span><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">Organization<\/span><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c:\u00a0<strong><span dir=\"LTR\">VRIO<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">$1<strong>1-<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629(<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">value<\/span><\/strong><strong>):\u00a0<\/strong>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 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\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u00a0<strong><span dir=\"LTR\">FedEx<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649:<span dir=\"LTR\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d<\/strong>. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a:&#8221; \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong>.&#8221; \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u00a0<strong><span dir=\"LTR\">FedEx<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<sup>38<\/sup><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">$1<strong>2-<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629(<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">Rareness<\/span><\/strong><strong>):\u00a0<\/strong>\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">$1<strong>3-<\/strong><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u2013\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632-(<\/strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\">Imitability<\/span><\/strong><strong>):\u00a0<\/strong>\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f 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dir=\"LTR\">Organization<\/span><\/strong><strong>):\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 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\u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646<strong>\u060c<\/strong><strong>&#8220;<\/strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0624\u0647<strong>&#8220;<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong>(\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2008<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">2009<\/span>)\u060c\u00a0\u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">224<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">2<\/span>\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0637<span dir=\"LTR\">2<\/span>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c<span dir=\"LTR\">\u00a01431<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">2010<\/span>\u060c\u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">47<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">3<\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<span dir=\"LTR\">2002<\/span>\u060c \u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">\u00a012<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">\u00a04<\/span>\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 51.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">5<\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 52. 53.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">6<\/span>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629&#8221;.\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u060c(\u062f \u062a \u0646)\u060c \u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">\u00a0138<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">7<\/span>\u00a0\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a(<span dir=\"LTR\">World Bank<\/span><span dir=\"LTR\">Report<\/span>)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2008<\/span>\u060c\u00a0\u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">50<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">8<\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 \u0635 58-\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">60<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">9<\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0<strong><span dir=\"LTR\">l&#8217;environnement Organisationelles\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627:\u00a0&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a. &#8221; \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8230;\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0647\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0635\u0631)<span dir=\"LTR\">:<\/span>\u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c (\u062f\u060c\u062a\u060c\u0646)\u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">286\u00a0<\/span><span dir=\"LTR\">10<\/span>\u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0628\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">11<\/span>\u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0643&#8221;.<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629-\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2008<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">2009<\/span>)\u060c\u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">230<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>12Luc Boyer\u00a0,Noel equilibey<strong>,Organisation theorie et application<\/strong>, Paris<span dir=\"RTL\">:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a02eme edition ,2000,p33<\/p>\n<p>13<span dir=\"RTL\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Benjamin Cheminade,<strong>RH et competence dans une demarche qualite<\/strong>,Paris<span dir=\"RTL\">:<\/span>ed AFNOR,2005,P215<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">14<\/span>\u00a0\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645&#8221;.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<span dir=\"LTR\">07<\/span>\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2005<\/span>\u060c\u00a0\u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">10<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">15\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0635\u0648\u0644\u062d\u060c &#8220;<strong>\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649&#8221;.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631)\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">07<\/span>\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646<span dir=\"LTR\">2010<\/span>\u060c \u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">55<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">16\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646<strong>\u060c\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<strong>\u060c\u00a0<\/strong>\u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">144<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">17\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0635\u0648\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">55<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">18\u00a0\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>.\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2010<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">1431<\/span>\u060c \u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">244<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">19\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0635\u0648\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u00a0\u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">52<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">20\u00a0\u062d\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<strong>\u060c &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">3<\/span>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2011<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">2012<\/span>).\u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">44<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">21\u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629<strong>\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221;.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631-\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644-\u060c\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2012<\/span>\u060c\u00a0\u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">07<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">22\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">132<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">23\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u00a0133.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">24\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">135<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">25\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629.&#8221;<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0644: \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">05<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">26\u00a0\u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">246<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">27\u00a0\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c&#8221;<strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a&#8221;.(\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2006<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">200<\/span><span dir=\"LTR\">7<\/span>)\u060c \u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">194<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">28\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0635\u0648\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u00a0\u0635 \u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">56<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">57<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">29\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632<\/strong>\u00a0<strong><span dir=\"LTR\">programmes de motivations<\/span><\/strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627:&#8221; \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 .&#8221; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:\u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629(\u0645\u0635\u0631):\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2009<\/span>\u060c\u00a0\u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">130<\/span>. \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0638 \u0647\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">30\u00a0\u00a0\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u00a0\u0635 \u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">244<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">246<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">31\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<strong>\u060c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">34\u00a0<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"RTL\">32\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Pierre<span dir=\"RTL\">&#8211;<\/span>Xavier Meshi,\u00a0<strong>Le concept De Competence En Strategie Perspectives Et limites<\/strong>, Paris<span dir=\"RTL\">:<\/span>\u00a0Ed Dunord,2009, p02<span dir=\"RTL\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">33\u00a0\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c\u00a0&#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645&#8221;.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<span dir=\"LTR\">07<\/span>\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2005<\/span>\u060c\u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">11<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">34\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2004<\/span>\u060c \u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">135<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">136<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">35\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2003<\/span>.\u060c\u00a0\u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">\u00a0107<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">36\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c2008\u060c\u00a0\u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">117<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">37\u00a0\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 \u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">119<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">121<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">38\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">2003<\/span>. \u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">127<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">39\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">40\u00a0\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 \u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">119<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">121<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">41\u00a0\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0634\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u060c &#8220;<strong>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636&#8221;.(<\/strong>\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">1428<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">2007<\/span>)\u060c \u0635 \u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">115<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">116<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">42\u00a0\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u00a0\u0635<span dir=\"LTR\">122<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">43\u00a0\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">85<\/span>&#8211;<span dir=\"LTR\">86<\/span>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u200c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u062d\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u00a0\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[1273,1274],"class_list":["post-2291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-14","tag-1273","tag-1274"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2291"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2291\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}