{"id":2243,"date":"2019-12-10T20:46:11","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T18:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2243"},"modified":"2020-04-26T22:32:26","modified_gmt":"2020-04-26T20:32:26","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2243","title":{"rendered":"“\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629” \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

“\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629”<\/strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0648<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Francois Dubet<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/h5>\n
\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 13\u060c 2011.<\/h5>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 [\u0639\u062f\u0644] Dubet \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 “\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f” [2]. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632. [3]\n

\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a [4] \u060c \u062c\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996 [5].<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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1- \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/u><\/em><\/strong> \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 ( etiene (et al ) ) \u0648\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0648
\n(NEVEU \u00a0) ( 41 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 ( PARK ) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0631 ( SMELSER \u00a0) \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0643 ( GURR ) \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u00a0 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 . \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 . \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

2- \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/u><\/em><\/strong> \u060c<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u00a0 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f . \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 ([1]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 . \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644
\n( Oberschal ) \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 ( Gamson \u00a0) \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062f
\n( M.zaid ) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 ( neveu,2002:52 ) \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 . \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a .<\/p>\n

3- \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/u><\/em><\/strong> : \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 ([2]<\/a>) <\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 ([3]<\/a>) <\/sup>\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a ( A.melluci ) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0641 ( C.offe) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a ( kriesi ) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633
\n( klandermans ) \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0646 ( T.Reichman ) \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633
\n( Koopmans ) \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632 ( Fernandez) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627
\n( Neve ,2002:66 ) \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a . \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 .<\/p>\n

4- \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/u><\/em><\/strong> : \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 . \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a ” \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 ” \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 . \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u064a\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u0628\u062e\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a . \u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062a\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a . \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0648 <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n( ferreol {et al },2004:122)<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

<\/a>([3]) \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a ( fracois dubet ) \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0632\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u063a\u062f\u064a\u0633 ( szusa hegdus ) \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627 ( michel viewrka \u00a0)\u00a0 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 ( vaillanourt,1991:214 )<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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