{"id":2236,"date":"2019-12-10T15:41:33","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T13:41:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2236"},"modified":"2019-12-10T15:43:25","modified_gmt":"2019-12-10T13:43:25","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a-representation-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2236","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a Representation&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8221; <\/strong><strong>Representation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u2013 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 24 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1920\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1956)\u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 (1947-1950). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062c\/ Russell Sage Foundation\u060c \u0648\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 Social Science Research Council \/ \u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1973 \u062d\u062a\u0649 1988. \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>17-volume <\/em><em>International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences<\/em><em> (1968<\/em><em> )<\/em> <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Accident at Three-Mile Island: The Human Dimens<\/em><em>ions<\/em><em> (1981), with C.P. Wolf<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b. \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 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\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<strong>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/strong> : \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 :<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 &#8220;\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Representation: David L.Sills, International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol.13 (New York: The Macmillan Company &amp; the Free Press, 1968.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8221; Representation \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629[1] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0632\u060c &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2238,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,5],"tags":[1223,1219,1216,173,1222,1215,1213,1214,1217,1221,1220,1218],"class_list":["post-2236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-13","category-5","tag-1223","tag-1219","tag-1216","tag-173","tag-1222","tag-1215","tag-1213","tag-1214","tag-1217","tag-1221","tag-1220","tag-1218"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2236"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2236\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}