{"id":2185,"date":"2019-12-06T15:52:21","date_gmt":"2019-12-06T13:52:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2185"},"modified":"2019-12-06T15:52:21","modified_gmt":"2019-12-06T13:52:21","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2185","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0633\u0643\u064a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Adam Prezwoski, &#8220;<em>Democracy and Economic development<\/em>,\u00a0In: Edward D. Mansfield and Richard Sisson (eds.), <strong><em><u>Political Science and the Public Interest<\/u><\/em><\/strong> (Columbus: Ohio State University Press), A revised Version, available at<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a &#8230;\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 2010<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 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\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629..<\/p>\n<p>2- \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>3- \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 &#8230;<\/p>\n<p><u>1-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/u>: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 -\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n<p><u>2-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/u>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p><u>3-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/u>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a-\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><u>1-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a: <\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0623-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 <strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong><em><u>Expected life<\/u><\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 &#8230;\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 <u>\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/u>\u00a0 \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u061f\u00a0 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062c-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n<p>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646 25%<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><u>2-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a: <\/u>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 -\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0623-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0648-\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u2013\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n<p>Confucianism \u2013Islam- Catholicism\u00a0 was either <u>Undemocratic<\/u> or <u>Antidemocratic<\/u>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0633\u0643\u064a&#8230;. \u064a\u0641\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 <u>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/u> \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u00a0 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062c-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>3-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a 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\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a &#8230;\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0631\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621..<strong><em>\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Income that explains survival,<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 <u>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/u> \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627&#8230;\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8230; \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629&#8230;\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0 <strong>Unpredictable<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629..\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 ..\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0627.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u00a0\u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0633\u0643\u064a &nbsp; Adam Prezwoski, &#8220;Democracy and Economic development,\u00a0In: Edward D. Mansfield and Richard Sisson (eds.), Political Science and the Public Interest (Columbus: Ohio State University Press), A revised Version, available at &nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a &#8230;\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 2010 &nbsp; &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2186,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[344],"tags":[1181,1182,1094],"class_list":["post-2185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-344","tag-1181","tag-1182","tag-1094"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2185"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2185\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}