{"id":2178,"date":"2019-12-06T14:45:17","date_gmt":"2019-12-06T12:45:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2178"},"modified":"2019-12-06T15:00:57","modified_gmt":"2019-12-06T13:00:57","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2178","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 20 \u0623\u0644\u0641<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 100 \u0623\u0644\u0641<\/p>\n<p>3-\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u061f\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645&#8230; \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644.. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629.. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&#8230; \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a) \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><u>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/u> \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 1916<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a <strong>Sufficient<\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a <strong>Necessary<\/strong>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644.\u00a0 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 20% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.\u00a0 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 &#8230;\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627&#8230;\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>4 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f&#8230;.\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u06444 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 <strong>Multivariate causal process<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0641\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 <strong><u>Correlation<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a..<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631.. \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a : \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0648\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u061f \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u061f\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 50-1951 \u0639\u0646: \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a-\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645-<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 50 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639&#8230;\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8230;\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 <u>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0644 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\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 ..\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0646\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a <u>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<p><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/u>: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627&#8230;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8230;Mobile Personality = Empathy<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 <strong>Complex<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 <strong>Circular<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0623\u064a\u00a0 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 <strong>Functional interdependence<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b &#8230;\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 + \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a + \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 &#8220;\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 <strong>Secular Gradualist Reformist<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8230;\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644: \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 <u>\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644<\/u> <u>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633<\/u> \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062f <u>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644<\/u>\u00a0 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0636\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644 <strong>Moderation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 (\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8230;.\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u00a0 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 <strong>Universalistic<\/strong> &#8221; \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062a\u0631: \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 <strong>Bureaucratic Efficiency<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629: <strong>Intermediary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u00a0 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u0646 <u>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/u> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645: 1-\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2- \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629- \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a <strong>Mass society<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>4-\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 + \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 + \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 + \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a + \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 + \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 &#8230;.\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a <strong>Cluster<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. <u>\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629: <strong>Legitimacy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645: <strong>Effectiveness &amp; Efficiency<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629-\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639&#8230; \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627-\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n<p>2-\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629+ \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 = \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/p>\n<p>3-\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 + \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 = \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>4-\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 + \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 = \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629&#8230; \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a <strong>Value &amp; Belief System<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629&#8230; \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Conflict among opposing beliefs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629-\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0633\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 <strong>Diversity<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d <strong>Tolerance<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629&#8230; \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8230; \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629.. <strong>Citizenship<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 <strong>Redistribution<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0628\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u064a &#8230;\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629\u00a0 <strong>income<\/strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629&#8230;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 <strong>status<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627: \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 1918 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629..\u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 19\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>3-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628: \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646<\/p>\n<p><strong>Parties of Representation Vs Parties of Integration\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><u>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a&#8230;<u>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/u> 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\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627 &#8230;\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 <strong>Collective bargaining<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 &#8230;\u0627\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629..\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 &#8230;\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 &#8230;\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f..\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 + \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 + \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 <u>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 + \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 + \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629\u00a0 + \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 <u>\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644<\/u> \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 <strong>Operation of American Democracy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/p>\n<p><strong>Multivariate causation &amp; Multivariate consequences<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647: \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 &#8230;\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u00a0 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 <u>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/u> \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 <u>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/u><strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1993<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Seymour Martin Lipset, &#8220;The Social Requisites of Democracy Revisited: 1993 Presidential Address&#8221;, <strong><em><u>American Sociological Review<\/u><\/em><\/strong>, Vol. 59, No. 1. Feb 1994, pp. 1-22.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/pscourses.ucsd.edu\/ps200b\/Lipset%20Social%20Requisites%20of%20Democracy%20Revisited.pdf\">http:\/\/pscourses.ucsd.edu\/ps200b\/Lipset%20Social%20Requisites%20of%20Democracy%20Revisited.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631&#8230;\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8230;<\/p>\n<p><u>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/u> \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <u>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/u><strong> Efficacy .<\/strong>..\u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 <u>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/u>.. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u064480 \u0648\u0627\u064490 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>3-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a <strong>Participatory<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>4-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 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\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c <u>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/u> \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f .<\/p>\n<p><u>\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631<\/u><strong> \u2013<\/strong>\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 <strong>1950<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0631 1966 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 &#8220;<strong>No bourgeois, no Democracy<\/strong>&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0644-\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0631- \u0645\u0648\u0631 &#8230;\u0627\u0644\u062e<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f-\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u2013 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d&#8230;.\u0644\u0643\u0646 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<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 <u>\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/u> \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627<u>\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 <\/u>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629..\u0647\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629<strong> Undemocratic or Antidemocratic<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0648\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <u>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/u>. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <u>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/u> \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 &#8230;\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b <u>\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992<\/u> \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0626\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 . \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/p>\n<p>3-\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p>4-\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629<\/p>\n<p>5-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<p>6-\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><u>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a<\/u> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.\u00a0 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0645<u>\u0633\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633<\/u> \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 42 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062819 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a = \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<p>3-\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<p>4-\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>5-\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 Rule of Law \u00a0= \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p>6-\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a Economic Order<\/p>\n<p><u>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 <\/u><\/p>\n<p><u>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 <\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u00a0 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0622\u0631\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a <u>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/u> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639 <u>\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/u> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 <u>\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631<\/u> \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p><strong>1-<\/strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00a0 2-\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3-\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8230;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646&#8230;\u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><u>\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/u> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646: <u>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c <u>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/u> <u>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/u> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631&#8230; \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 <u>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/u> \u0647\u064a <u>\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0641<\/u> \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 <strong>Negative Legitimacy<\/strong>&#8211;<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629..<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646: <u>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u00a0 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/u> \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 <u>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/u> \u0623\u0648 <u>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/u><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631..\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a ..\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/p>\n<p>4-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p>5-\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p>6-\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a<\/p>\n<p>7-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>8-\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<p>9-\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<p>10-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645 <strong>fragmentation<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 &#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <u>\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/u> \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a <u>\u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f<\/u> \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 1967 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0623-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0630\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 4 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 &#8230;.\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<p>3-\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 &#8230;\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a&#8230;\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p>4-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a.. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629&#8230; \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 <em>industrial-ecology <\/em>conflict-<\/p>\n<p>Quality-of-life concerns \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 <strong>Order and Predictability<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645:<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 <u>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/u> \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p><strong>2-<\/strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/u> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u2013\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a-\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 <strong>Correlation<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>-\u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 -\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0623\u062b\u0631 <u>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 <\/u><strong><u>Demonstration Effect &amp; Contagion<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><u>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 <\/u><strong><u>Diffusion\u00a0 <\/u><\/strong>..\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a)<\/p>\n<p>3-\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a: \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 <u>\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u064a <\/u>\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f <strong>Pact<\/strong> \u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 <u>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623..\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 27 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u00a0 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00a0 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f <u>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/u> \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 &#8230;\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 <u>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/u> \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 &#8230;\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0634\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Larry Diamond and Gary Marks, &#8220;Seymour Martin Lipset and the Study of Democracy&#8221;,<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unc.edu\/~gwmarks\/assets\/doc\/diamond.marks%20-%20Seymour%20Martin%20Lipset%20and%20the%20study%20of%20democracy.pdf\">http:\/\/www.unc.edu\/~gwmarks\/assets\/doc\/diamond.marks%20-%20Seymour%20Martin%20Lipset%20and%20the%20study%20of%20democracy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u00a0 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646: \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0644\u0632- \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632<strong>&#8211;<\/strong>\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633- \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0643\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8230; \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <u>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<strong> Po\u00a0\u00a0 <u>consensus<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a <strong>Po Cleavages<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u2013\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a <strong>Cross-cutting<\/strong>\u00a0 (\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629)<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><u>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a <u>\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 : \u0627\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 Collective Virtues Morals \u2013Commitments <strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 <u>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644<\/u> <u>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/u> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 Conflict Mediation and Resolution.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0637\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8230;. \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a (\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0647\u0645)<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u00a0 <strong>American Exceptionalism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why No Socialism in the United States?&#8221; (1977).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2-\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 Multicausal Explanations<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633:<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u00a0Individualism<\/p>\n<p>-\u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 Antistatism,<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629\u00a0 Egalitarianism<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 &nbsp; Seymour Martin Lipset, &#8220;Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy&#8220;, The American Political Science Review, (Vol. 53, No. 1, March 1959), pp. 69-105. \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8230; \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639&#8230; \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2179,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[344],"tags":[324,350,491,1180],"class_list":["post-2178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-344","tag-324","tag-350","tag-491","tag-1180"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2178"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2178\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}