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<\/p>\n
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\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1949 \u0648 1950\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a”\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646” Cannon\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647”\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1932\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645.<\/p>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a”\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646”. \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1953\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645”\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a” \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 Political system\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645: System<\/p>\n
\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a Sub-System\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n
\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629: Environment<\/p>\n
\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f: Boundaries<\/p>\n
\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.. \u0627\u0644\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a: Inputs<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647. \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646(1956 – 1965) \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a Political Socialization and Recruitment\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a…\u0627\u0644\u062e. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d Interest Articulation\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d: Interest Aggregation\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0644 W.Mitchel(1962) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a: Outputs<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 Rule-making\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f Rule-application\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f Rule-adjudication\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644: Conversion<\/p>\n
\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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(4) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645.<\/p>\n
(2) \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n
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(3) \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n
(1) \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u063a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c 1966)<\/p>\n
(2) \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1975 – 1976<\/p>\n
(3) \u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c 1985)<\/p>\n
(4) \u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629(\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1987)<\/p>\n
(5) \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a(\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1978)<\/p>\n
Churchman, C. West, The Systems Approach New York : Dell Publishing Co., Inc, 1968.<\/p>\n
Cortes, Fernando, Adam Przeworski & John Sprague, Systems Analysis for Social Scientist?( New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1974. Easton , David, The Political System(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1953).<\/p>\n
\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..,”An Approach to the Analysis of Political Systems”, World Politics, Vol. 9, April 1957.<\/p>\n
(10) \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.., A System Analysis of Political Life(New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1965).<\/p>\n
(11) \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.., A Framework for Political Analysis(New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965).<\/p>\n
(12) \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.., Varieties of Political Theory(N.J.: Prentice – Hall, Inc., 1966).<\/p>\n
(13) International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 15,(System Analysis).<\/p>\n
Holt, Robert & John Richardson,”Competing Paradigms in Comparative Politics”, in Robert Holt & John Turner(eds.), The Methodology of Comparative Research(New York: The Free Press, 1970).<\/p>\n
Mitchell, W. C., The American Polity(New York: The Free Press, 1962).<\/p>\n
Parsons, Taicot, Social System(New York: The Free Press, 1951).<\/p>\n
Raddiffe-Brown, A, R,, A Natural Science of Society(Illinois; The Free Press, 1957).<\/p>\n
Young, R., Approaches to the Study of Politics(Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1958<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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