{"id":2122,"date":"2019-12-02T11:59:45","date_gmt":"2019-12-02T09:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2122"},"modified":"2019-12-02T11:59:45","modified_gmt":"2019-12-02T09:59:45","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2122","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/p>\n

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Abstract :<\/p>\n

This article try to show, as detailed phase, a Theoritical Contribution of Feminist Approaches of International Relations, where accounts that the Academic Field of international relations is under Domination by Androcentrism, which exclude views of women, through many concepts as State, Power, Security, Rationalism,\u2026 which holds pure manhood attributes.<\/p>\n

The aim of Feminists is analyzing and reconstructing a Theoritical Field of International Relations according as concept of Gender, who is very useful tool.<\/p>\n

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– \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

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1- \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 Androcentrism \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062910\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644) \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a: \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062911.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (Sex) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631 (Gender) \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0630\u0643\u0631\/\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a\u062912\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629- \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629(gendered).<\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 “\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631” \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062b\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (Coherent World View) \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f22\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062b\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u062923\u060c …\u0625\u0644\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062924. \u0633\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 Spike Peterson \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062925. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0631 Sylvester \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 Sandra Harding \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u062926. \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648 JacquiTrue \u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0640\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062927:<\/p>\n

$11-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631” \u0643\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

$12-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631” \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

$13-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a28:<\/p>\n

$11-\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

$12-\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0631\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

$13-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0646\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633Steve Smith and Patricia Owens \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062929.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

3-1- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 Liberal Feminism<\/p>\n

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3-2- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 Marxist\/Socialist Femenism<\/p>\n

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\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064437.<\/p>\n

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3-3- \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 Stand-Point Femenism<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a1919. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062940.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064c\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064741\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062742.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 (Stand-point) \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062943. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627 Standard \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

3-4- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 Post-Modern Femenism<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621- \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629- \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

2 J. Ann Tickner, \u201cFeminism Meets International Relation: some methodological issues\u201d in Brooke A. Ackerlyand Maria Stern and Jacqui true (eds.) Feminist Methodologies for International Relations(Cambridge University Press, 2006), p 19.<\/p>\n

3 Karven J. Vogel, \u201cFeminist International Relation \u201d in John T. Ishiyama and Marijke Breuning (eds.) 21st Century Political Science: A Reference Handbook (California: Sage Publications, 2011), p 345.<\/p>\n

4 Juanta Elias and Peter Sutch, International Relations: The Basics (New York: Routledge, 2007), p 122.<\/p>\n

5 Idem.<\/p>\n

6 Karven J. Vogel, op. cit. p 345.<\/p>\n

7 J. Ann Tickner, op. cit. p 19.<\/p>\n

8 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0640\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0640\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a: \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0640\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0647\u0640\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0640\u0644. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0629\u060c 2002\u060c \u063531.<\/p>\n

9V. Spike Peterson, \u201cFeminist Theories Within, Invisible To, and Beyond IR\u201d Brown Journal of World Affairs,Volume X, Issue 2 (2004) p 37.<\/p>\n

10 Idem.<\/p>\n

11 Ibid, p 38.<\/p>\n

12Ibid, p 39.<\/p>\n

13 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062b\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 2008\u060c\u0635 422.<\/p>\n

14 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 :<\/p>\n

<www.islamnoon.com\/Motafrkat\/gender.htm><\/p>\n

15Juanta Elias and Peter Sutch,op. cit. p 123.<\/p>\n

16JacquiTrue, \u201cFeminism\u201d in ScottBurchill et al (eds.) Theories of International Relations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), p225.<\/p>\n

17V. Spike Peterson, op. cit. p 40.<\/p>\n

18Idem.<\/p>\n

19Idem.<\/p>\n

20 Ibid, p 40.<\/p>\n

21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062b\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 423.<\/p>\n

22JacquiTrue, op. cit. p 225.<\/p>\n

23\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062b\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 423.<\/p>\n

24\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n

>< http:\/\/civicegypt.org\/?p=27463<\/p>\n

25V. Spike Peterson, op. cit. p 37.<\/p>\n

26Robert O. Keohane, \u201cInternational Relations Theory: Contributions of a Feminist Standpoint,\u201d Millennium -Journal of International StudiesVol. 18 no. 2 (1989). P245.<\/p>\n

27JacquiTrue, op. cit. p 214.<\/p>\n

28 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 465.<\/p>\n

29Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, \u201cAlternative Approaches to International theory\u201d in John Baylis and Steve Smith (eds.) The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations (UK: OxfordUniversity Press, 2nded, 2001), pp 281-284.<\/p>\n

30Ibid, p 281.<\/p>\n

31 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062b\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 422.<\/p>\n

32Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, op. cit. p 281.<\/p>\n

33Idem.<\/p>\n

34\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063530.<\/p>\n

35\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n

<http:\/\/www.aswic.org\/ReviewsCriticismDetails.aspx?Id=4><\/p>\n

36Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, op. cit. p 281.<\/p>\n

37Ibid, p 282.<\/p>\n

38Idem.<\/p>\n

39\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c 2007)\u060c \u0635 462.<\/p>\n

40Robert O. Keohane, op. cit. p 245.<\/p>\n

41\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063530.<\/p>\n

42\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062b\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 423.<\/p>\n

43Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, op. cit. p 282.<\/p>\n

44Robert O. Keohane, op. cit. p 245.<\/p>\n

45Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, op. cit. p 282.<\/p>\n

46\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063531.<\/p>\n

47Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, op. cit. p .283<\/p>\n

48 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063532.<\/p>\n

49\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a) \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

50Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, op. cit. p 284.<\/p>\n

51Idem.<\/p>\n

52Cynthia Weber, International RelationsTheory :A critical introduction (New York, Routledge, Thirdedition, 2010).p 87.<\/p>\n

53J. Ann Tickner, op. cit. pp 22-29.<\/p>\n

54J. Ann Tickner, op. cit. p 20.<\/p>\n

55 Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, op. cit. p 284.<\/p>\n

56JacquiTrue, op. cit. p 228.<\/p>\n

57 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635 199.<\/p>\n

58Cynthia Weber, op. cit. p 89.<\/p>\n

59Juanta Elias and Peter Sutch,op. cit. p 123.<\/p>\n

60Ibid, p 124.<\/p>\n

61Idem.<\/p>\n

62Idem.<\/p>\n

63Ibid, p 125.<\/p>\n

64 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 423.<\/p>\n

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