{"id":2102,"date":"2019-11-30T00:33:08","date_gmt":"2019-11-29T22:33:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2102"},"modified":"2019-11-30T00:33:08","modified_gmt":"2019-11-29T22:33:08","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%87%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%81-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=2102","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>:\u00a0the paper aims to discuss the\u00a0\u00a0concepts of\u00a0\u00a0electoral and political engineering, interms of its role in the consolidation of democratic and raise thepolitical representation and in improving the efficiency of the electoralsystems in the representation and governance, and theseperspectives are reflected by the presence of three set of objectivesfor electoral engineering, but these goals and perspectives varyaccording to political systems, althoughtheimportance of engineering political institution-building and thestrengthening and consolidation of democracy, but it is not a sureguarantee for democratic transformation, especially in the case ofhiring engineering political to renew the legitimacy of systemsauthoritarianism, which in witnessing the reality of theelectoral system in the Arab world and in Algeria in particular, whichhas seen a series of changes, in the formandcontent, so that led ultimately to the formation of an electoral systemthrough a set of practices repeated and through the way ofelectoral laws intended to devote an upright power statu quo, and set limitsand restrictions to the possibility of holding fair, transparent andcompetitive elections, and the possibility of political change through elections.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words<\/strong>: electoral engineering, political engineering, political institution design, political rules, democratic transition, electoral system.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resume<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"longtext\">Cet article veule discuter les concepts de l&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie \u00e9lectorale et politique , en termes de son r\u00f4le dans la consolidation de la d\u00e9mocratie et d\u2019 augmenter la repr\u00e9sentation politique et aussi dans l&#8217;am\u00e9lioration de l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes \u00e9lectoraux dans la repr\u00e9sentation et la gouvernance , ces perspectives sont refl\u00e9t\u00e9es par la pr\u00e9sence de trois s\u00e9rie d&#8217;objectifs pour l&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie \u00e9lectorale , mais ces objectifs et perspectives varient selon les syst\u00e8mes politiques , bien que l\u2019id\u00e9es de l\u2019ing\u00e9nierie est importante dans la cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;institutions politiques et la consolidation de la d\u00e9mocratie et leur renforcement , mais en m\u00eame temps l\u2019id\u00e9e elle-m\u00eame n&#8217;est pas une garantie s\u00fbre pour la transformation d\u00e9mocratique , en particulier dans le cas de l&#8217;embauche d&#8217; ing\u00e9nieurs pour renouveler la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 politique des syst\u00e8mes autoritarisme , dans le t\u00e9moignage de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectoral dans le monde arabe en particulier , et en Alg\u00e9rie , on a connu une s\u00e9rie de changements , dans le formelle, de sorte que en fin de compte conduit \u00e0 la formation d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectoral \u00e0 travers un ensemble de pratiques r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es et par la voie de lois \u00e9lectorales vise \u00e0 consacrer une puissance verticale du statu quo , et pose des limites et des restrictions \u00e0 la possibilit\u00e9 de faire des \u00e9lections justes,\u00a0\u00a0fiables, transparentes et concurrentielles , et la possibilit\u00e9 de changement politique par des \u00e9lections .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hps\"><strong>Mot Cl\u00e9s<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"hps\">\u00a0: l&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie<\/span><span class=\"hps\">\u00e9lectorale<\/span><span class=\"longtext\">, in<\/span><span class=\"hps\">g\u00e9nierie<\/span><span class=\"hps\">politique<\/span><span class=\"longtext\">,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"hps\">institution politique<\/span><span class=\"longtext\">,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"hps\">r\u00e8gles politiques<\/span><span class=\"longtext\">,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"hps\">la transition d\u00e9mocratique<\/span><span class=\"longtext\">, le syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectoral5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c 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dir=\"RTL\"><strong>\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">*\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a03-04\u00a0\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\u00a02010\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">.\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\"><span id=\"cloakdd1e7f3cbb6c77acca9524a26e0a45fe\">abdelaliabk@gmail.com<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"RTL\">1<\/span>-Austin Ranney,. &#8220;The Divine Science&#8221;: Political Engineering in American Culture.&#8221;\u00a0<strong><i>The American Political Science Review<\/i><\/strong>, Vol. 70, No. 1 (Mar. 1976: 140-148.<\/p>\n<p>2-Ibid, p 142.<\/p>\n<p>3-Henry S. Dennison, &#8220;The Need for the Development of Political Science Engineering.&#8221;\u00a0<strong><i>The American Political Science Review<\/i><\/strong>, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Apr. 1932: 241-255<span dir=\"RTL\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>4-Benjamin. Reilly,\u00a0<strong>Democracy and diversity: political engineering in the asia-pacific<\/strong>. Oxford new york: oxford university press, 2006, p 21.<\/p>\n<p>5-Benjamin Reilley, \u201c political engineering in the Asia Pacific\u201d,\u00a0<strong>journal of Democracy,\u00a0<\/strong>Vol. 18, No.1, january 2007, p 59.Cited from: iovanni Sartori, \u201cPolitical Development and Political Engineering,\u201d\u00a0<strong>Public Policy<\/strong>\u00a017 (1968): 272.<\/p>\n<p>6- Ibid, p 58.<\/p>\n<p>7- Philippe C Schmitter,. Contrasting Approaches To Political Engineering: Constitutionalization &amp; Democratization. European University Institute, February 2001.<\/p>\n<p>8-<span dir=\"RTL\">\u00a0<\/span>benjamin. Reilly,\u00a0<strong>Democracy and diversity: political engineering in the asia-pacific<\/strong>, Op.cit, p 86.<\/p>\n<p>9- Rein Taagepera, \u201cdesigning electoral rules and wiating for electoral system to evolve\u201d, in: Andrew Reynolds,\u00a0<strong>The architucture of Democracy: Constitutional design, Conflict Management and democracy,\u00a0<\/strong>Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, p 248.<\/p>\n<p>10- Pippa Norris,\u00a0<strong>Electoral Engineering Voting Rules and Political Behavior<\/strong>.\u00a0Cambridge: cambridge university press, 2004, p 49.<\/p>\n<p>11- Leonardo Morlino. &#8220;Architectures constitutionnelles et politiques d\u00e9mocratiques en Europe de l&#8217;Est.&#8221;\u00a0<strong><i>Revue Fran\u00e7aise De Science Politique<\/i><\/strong>, Vol.50, No.4 2000: p 683.<\/p>\n<p>12- Arend Lijphart,\u00a0<strong>Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in thirty Six Countries,\u00a0<\/strong>Yale University: Yale University Press, 1999, p 275.<\/p>\n<p>13- G. Gowrisankaran et al., Electoral design and voter welfare from the US Senate: Evidence from a dynamic selection model,\u00a0<strong><i>Review of Economic Dynamics<\/i><\/strong>\u00a0(2007), doi:10.1016\/j.red.2007.04.005<\/p>\n<p>14- Gideon, Rahat and Mario Sznajder. &#8220;Electoral Engineering in Chile: the Electoral System and Limited Democracy.&#8221; Electoral Studies, Vol. 17, No. 4 1998: 429\u2013442.<\/p>\n<p>15- Marsha Pripstein Posusney, &#8220;Behind the Ballot Box: Electoral Engineering in the Arab World.&#8221;\u00a0<strong><i>Middle East Report<\/i><\/strong>, Winter 1998: pp. 12-15+42.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629* \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635: \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629Governance\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2103,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1117,1115,840,707,870,1116,1111,1114,1113,1112],"class_list":["post-2102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-13","tag-1117","tag-1115","tag-840","tag-707","tag-870","tag-1116","tag-1111","tag-1114","tag-1113","tag-1112"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2102"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2102\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2103"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}