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style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u00a0\u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635- \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a 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style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0640\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0640\u0634:<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(1)\u2013\u00a0\u00a0<\/sup>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0647.\u00a0<b><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/b>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f)\u060c \u06373 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 1980.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2)- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giovanni sartori,\u00a0<b><strong>Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis<\/strong><\/b>, Vol. 1, CambridgeCambridge<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">University Press, 1976<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0(3)Philippe Braud,\u00a0<b><strong>la sociologie politique<\/strong><\/b>, DALLOZ, Paris, 2001, p 34.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(4)-\u00a0<\/sup>\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u060c\u00a0<b><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/b>\u060c(\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1998\u060c \u0635 357.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(5)<\/sup>\u00a0&#8211; \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c\u00a0<b><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<b><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/b>\u00a0<b><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/b>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 32\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f3\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635 513.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(8)<\/sup>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0635 514.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(9)-\u00a0<\/sup>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c\u00a0<b><strong>\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/b>\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0635 90.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(10)<\/sup>&#8211;\u00a0<b><strong>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/b>\u00a0\u060c \u0635 86.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(11)-\u00a0<\/sup>\u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0637\u060c &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 26\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 1996\u060c \u0635 24.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(13)-<\/sup>\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c\u00a0<b><strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/strong><\/b>\u060c \u0635 92.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(14)<\/sup>&#8211; \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c\u00a0<b><strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642<\/strong><\/b>\u060c \u0635 27.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(15)-\u00a0\u00a0<\/sup><b><strong>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/b>\u060c \u0635 28.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(16)-\u00a0<\/sup>\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0646\u062a\u062a\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u00a0Samuel P. Huntington\u00a0\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629&#8221;\u00a0,\u00a0&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0Political Order in Changing Societies\u00a0&#8221;\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1968.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>\u00a0(17)-\u00a0<\/sup>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c\u00a0<b><strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/strong><\/b>\u060c \u0635 40.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(18)-\u00a0<\/sup><b><strong>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/b>\u060c \u063541.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sup>(19)-\u00a0<\/sup>\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0637\u0627\u064a\u062d\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<b><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/strong><\/b>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 13\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 100.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b &nbsp; 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