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href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1994 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a 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style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b><strong>1\/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629 :<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0644\u0643\u0644 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400;\">* \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 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style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a .<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* \u0623\u0646 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name=\"_ednref14\">[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646 18 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c 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href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1992 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 1993 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 46\/130 \u0639\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 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href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b><strong>2- \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1889, \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 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name=\"_ednref42\">[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a 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\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632<a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_edn45\" name=\"_ednref45\">[45]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 21 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 25 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 24 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 23 \/\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1990.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 25 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_edn46\" name=\"_ednref46\">[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<b><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 :<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a>1- \u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 , \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0629 , \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 &#8230;.. \u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><\/a>-\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0643 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c \u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u00a0[2]\n<p>\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 &#8230; \u0641\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0643<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><\/a>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 , \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 , \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 , 2003 , \u0635 153[3]\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><\/a>&#8211; \u062c\u0627\u064a \u0633 , \u062c\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0646 , \u062c\u064a\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 , \u0635 06 .[4]\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0_\u00a0\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a, \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1994, \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642, \u0635 08 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0_\u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 , \u0635 20 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0_ Goodwin-Gill .G.S \u201cObligations of Conduct and result,in.P. Alston and k.tamasevski eds the rights to food,1985 \/ p 111 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a>&#8211;\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629, 200, \u0635 05 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0_ Cassese,A.Political self \u2013 Determination-old Concepts and New\u00a0\u00a0Developments<\/p>\n<p>in cassasse.A.ed,UN Law \/ fondamental\u00a0\u00a0rights,(1979) 137.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a>_ Helsinki conference on\u00a0\u00a0security\u00a0\u00a0and ca operation in Europe . 1975 . principle . text in 1975 digest of united practicum international\u00a0\u00a0law . p 10<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063530<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0_\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645,\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642,\u0635 32 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0_\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639, \u0635 33 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0_\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642, \u0635 41.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0_ IPU;\u201cReport of IPU Election Observer Mission Cambodia, 16may\u20134 jue 1993 Gneva<\/p>\n<p>(1993), Bulletin de L\u2019Assemblee National, Paris , No 07 du 8 juin 1993,44 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0_\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 &#8221; \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Military and Paramilitary activities in and agaminst Nicaragua v . United States of America . 1986 ICJ reports 14 . 141 . cited in Franck \u00ab\u00a0democrotic govemance\u00a0\u00bb . et 81<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a>_\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 48\/124 , 20\u00a0\u00a0\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1993, \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 04.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0_\u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629, \u0635 46.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a>_\u00a0\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 47\/138, \u0641\u064a 18\/12\/1992, \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 48\/131 ,20\/12\/1993.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0_\u00a0\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 46\/130 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a &#8220;\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629\u060c\u0635 50.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a>_\u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 49 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0_\u00a0\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a, \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 152 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a, 17 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 1993, \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 01\/02, \u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645,\u0635 5 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]<\/a>_ CSCE:document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimensions 29 juin 1990 . 29 I.L.M . 1305 . ( 1990 ) .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]<\/a>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 46\/137:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Enhancing the effectivement of the principle of periodic and genuine elections ,17dec,1991.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063556.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]<\/a>\u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]<\/a>\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645,\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063558.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 68.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]<\/a>\u00a0\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 01 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1989 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647&#8221; \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 18 \u0633\u0646\u0629 &#8220;.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]<\/a>\u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 82.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]<\/a>\u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0635 03.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]<\/a>\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 95.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]<\/a>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0635 98.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]<\/a>\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644, \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 133.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\"><\/a>&#8211; \u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 , \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 , \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u00a0[33]\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 , \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 , \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 , \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u064a\u062f , \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646 , \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 , 2010<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\"><\/a>&#8211; \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 , \u0635 03 .\u00a0[34]\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\"><\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646, \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 , \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 ( \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 ) , \u062f\u0627\u0631\u00a0[35]\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 , 2006 , \u0635 05 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\"><\/a>&#8211; \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u00a0\u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 , \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u00a0\u00a0[36]\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a ( 1880 ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1924<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\"><\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u00a0[37]\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0WWW.AHWAR.ORG\/DEBAT\/SHOW.AIT\u00a0\u00a020\/01\/2010<\/p>\n<p>WWW.ISLAMONLINE.NET\/ARABI\u00a026\/01\/2010<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\"><\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 .[38]\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\"><\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 .[39]\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\">[40]<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 177 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref41\" name=\"_edn41\">[41]<\/a>&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 09\/61 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 07 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2009.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref42\" name=\"_edn42\">[42]<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 09\/61 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 07 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2009.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref43\" name=\"_edn43\">[43]<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 09\/61 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 07 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2009 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref44\" name=\"_edn44\">[44]<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 09\/61 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 07 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2009 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref45\" name=\"_edn45\">[45]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0640 \u0622\u064a \u0625\u0641 \u0625\u064a \u0625\u0633(\u00a0IFES) ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 :\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ifes.org\/\">www.ifes.org<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 57.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index.php\/numero-special-2011-dafatir\/886-2013-05-12-14-02-34#_ednref46\" name=\"_edn46\">[46]<\/a>\u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u063563.<\/p>\n<p><b><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p>-\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a, \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633, \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 1989 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f, \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631, \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c2000.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u06371,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631, \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 1979.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2009.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629, 2003.<\/p>\n<p>-\u062c\u0627\u064a \u0633\u064a, \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646, \u062c\u064a\u0644,\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629,\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>-\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2008.<\/p>\n<p>-\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0632\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2008<\/p>\n<p>-\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f, \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u06372, 2003.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645, \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 ( \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 ), \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629, 2006.<\/p>\n<p>-\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2008.<\/p>\n<p>-\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a, \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629, \u062f.\u0633.\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/p>\n<p>-\u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631, \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629,\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631, 2004<\/p>\n<p><b><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p>-\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631,\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629,\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629, \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u064a\u062f, \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646,\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631, 2010.<\/p>\n<p>-\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631, \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629, \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629, 1992.<\/p>\n<p>-\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0634 \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 2001.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0637\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629: 28\/01\/2009.<\/p>\n<p><b><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p>-\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 1945<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1981 \u060c \u062c \u0631 06 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1987 \u060c \u0635 193 \u060c 203.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 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1966<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 10 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1948<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p>-\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1989<\/p>\n<p>-\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 48\/124 , 20\u00a0\u00a0\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1993, \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 04.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064547\/138,\u0641\u064a 18\/12\/1992, \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 48\/131 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a:20\/12\/1993.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064546\/137 \u0641\u064a 18\/12\/1992.<\/p>\n<p>-\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 08 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1963<\/p>\n<p>-\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 22 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1976<\/p>\n<p>-\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 23 \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a 1989<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 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