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R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :<\/p>\n
Si les bombes nucl\u00e9aires qui ont frapp\u00e9 les villes Japonaises Hiroshima et Nagasaki en 1945, \u00e9taient les premi\u00e8res utilisations de l’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire dans le monde, les efforts internationaux dans le cadre de l’Organisation des Nations Unies ,pour arr\u00eater la course aux armements nucl\u00e9aires, et d\u00e9velopper les utilisations pacifiques de l’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire, ont abouti d\u2019un cot\u00e9 \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de l’Agence internationale de l’\u00e9nergie atomique, et Un certain nombre d’organismes r\u00e9gionaux sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans l’exploitation de l’atome, et de l\u2019autre cot\u00e9 la conclusion d\u2019un nombre consid\u00e9rable de trait\u00e9s internationaux qui ont organis\u00e9 les diff\u00e9rents domaines de l’utilisation s\u00fbre de l’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire. .<\/p>\n
Dans cet article nous essayons de tenir sur l’efficacit\u00e9 des r\u00e8gles du droit international relatif aux utilisations de l’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire, et la mesure affect\u00e9s par le d\u00e9veloppement rapide de la technologie nucl\u00e9aire, et les accidents nucl\u00e9aires, parmi eux l\u2019 incident de la centrale nucl\u00e9aire de Fukushima, suite au tremblement de terre qui a frapp\u00e9 le Japon le 11 Mars 2011.<\/p>\n
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\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n
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– \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963 \u060c\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974.<\/p>\n
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1- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a14:<\/p>\n
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\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062919 \u060c\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 .<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 (2005-2010) \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
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– \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0636\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064720.<\/p>\n
– \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u062921.<\/p>\n
2- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n
\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1947 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1958 \u060c \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 “\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627” \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u062922\u060c\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n
\u0623\u200c- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064823:\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u062724. \u0648 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1969 \u060c\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a 1994 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0628\u200c-\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627: \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a 06 \u0623\u0648\u062a 1985 \u0648 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a 11 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1986\u060c\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n
\u062c-\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0627: \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 11 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996 \u060c\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0649 25 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u060c\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 28 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630.<\/p>\n
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 (ASEAN) \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 (1997)\u060c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 (2006)25.<\/p>\n
\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642.<\/p>\n
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3- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n
\u0623\u200c- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (1963)<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1963 \u060c\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u063126.<\/p>\n
\u0628\u200c-\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629(1976):\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u060c\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976 \u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a 11 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u06311990 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
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\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2000 \u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1945 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1998 \u060c\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 1050 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 06 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 29.<\/p>\n
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– \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0647\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
– \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n
– \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a:<\/p>\n
1-\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c\u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n
2-\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n
3-\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n
4-\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 (atoms for food).<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/p>\n
1- \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1977\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 4.9 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0648\u060c\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 2007 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 6.6 \u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0639 11 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u060c\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a- \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646.\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2008\u060c\u0635(51-52)<\/p>\n
2- \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a 6 \u0623\u0648\u062a 1945 \u0648 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a ” \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631” (little boy)\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a 9 \u0623\u0648\u062a , \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a ” \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646”(fat man) \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 115 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644.\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644: \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646, \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a, \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f162 \u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u06312005\u060c \u063551.<\/p>\n
3- \u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b 31 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0648 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 25000 \u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 86 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f 272000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 , \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 : – \u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a( \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a), \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 ,\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629, 2002 \u060c \u0635113.<\/p>\n
– \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a , \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 , \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a , \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631, \u0637.1, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1954 , \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631, 2000 , \u0635135.<\/p>\n
4- \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 810 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 4 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1954 \u060c\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 atoms for peace\u060c<\/p>\n
\u0648 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 29 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 1957 .<\/p>\n
5- \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 (EURATOM)\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 (AEN) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
6-\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0641\u064a 01 \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a 1958 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062b\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 20 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1972 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n
7- \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627: \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0643 (Eurochemic) \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648 (Urenco) \u0633\u0646\u0629 1970 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0641 (Eurodif) \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974 .<\/p>\n
8- Patrick Reyners, modernisation du r\u00e9gime de responsabilit\u00e9 civile pour les dommages nucl\u00e9aires : r\u00e9vision de la convention de Vienne et nouvelle convention sur la r\u00e9paration compl\u00e9mentaire des dommages nucl\u00e9aires, RGDIP, vol.102 No 3,CNRS,Paris, novembre1998.p749.<\/p>\n
9 – Patrick Reyners ,op. cit.,p755.<\/p>\n
10- \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 27 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n
11- \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n
12- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 3\/\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
13- \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u0623\u060c\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n
14- \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a 1 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 1968 \u0648 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a 5 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1970 \u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 2010 \u0625\u0644\u0649 189 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n
15- \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 1 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1967 (\u0645.9\/3 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631).\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648.<\/p>\n
16- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n
17- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n
18-\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 1000 \u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961 ( \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 infcirc\/26) \u060c\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 1000 \u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964 ( \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \/add1 infcirc\/26)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 \u0648 1968 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a ( \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 infcirc\/66)\u060c \u0648( \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \/rev2 infcirc\/66)\u060c\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a ( \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 infcirc\/15)\u060c\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0640\u0629 \u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995.\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c2008-2009\u060c\u0635 84 \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n
19- \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06298\/3 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n
20- \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 255 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 1968 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0641 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 8 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 1996 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n
21- \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 (13) \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
22- \u0623\u062f.\u0641\u0648\u0632\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0640 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 144\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2001 .<\/p>\n
23- \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a 14 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u06311967 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a25 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1969 . \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 33 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.\u0623\u0631\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0640\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0640\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627) \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629,\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n
24- \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0641\u060c 2007-2008 \u060c\u0635 30.<\/p>\n
25- \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 :http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Essai_nucl%C3%A9aire \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 26\/03\/2011 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 13.33<\/p>\n
26- \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u060c\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c2010\u060c\u0635 (224-225).<\/p>\n
27- \u062d\u062a\u0649 25 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2008 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 180 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u060c\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 148 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c\u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u060c\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u060c\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
28- \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628\u060c\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c2006\u060c\u0635 126.<\/p>\n
29- \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629:http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Essai_nucl%C3%A9aire<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 26\/03\/2011 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 13.33<\/p>\n
30- \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
31- \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c2008-2009\u060c\u0635 (70-71).<\/p>\n
32- \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0645 13 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2005\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 07 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 2007.<\/p>\n
33- \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0634\u0646\u0643\u0648 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0648 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a 2006 ), \u0637.1 ,\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 , \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a , \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 , 2006 , \u0635 1010.<\/p>\n
34- \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0634 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 2006.\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 481\/ \u060c\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2006.<\/p>\n
35- \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639:- \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a A \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 30 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627.-\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a B\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629.- \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062aC \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646.\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c2008-2009\u060c\u0635 (29-30).<\/p>\n
36 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644,\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a,\u0639\u062f\u062f32\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1976, \u0635169.<\/p>\n
37\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635 170.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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