{"id":1331,"date":"2019-10-21T20:03:17","date_gmt":"2019-10-21T18:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=1331"},"modified":"2019-10-23T23:59:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-23T21:59:51","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabprf.com\/?p=1331","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629:\u00a0\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Modernization and Democracy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Theories and Evidence Revisited<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Julian Wucherpfennig<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Franziska Deutsch<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>2018<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06311959 &#8220;\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646: (1) \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 (1959\u060c1960) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 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\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Przeworski \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c (2000 Przeworski &amp; Limongi 1997).<\/li>\n<li>\u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a Boix (2003) \u060c Acemoglu \u0648 Robinson (2005) \u0648 Inglehart \u0648 Welzel (2005).<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b: <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1x25j4qnUVf9BuO96PQU0SgkGO-wmSix5\" target=\"_blank\" 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